Terapia Trombolítica em Octogenários com Embolia Pulmonar Aguda / Thrombolytic Therapy in Octogenarians with Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Resumo Fundamento Apesar da grande proporção de octogenários com embolia pulmonar aguda, há pouca informação indicando a estratégia de manejo ideal, especialmente medidas terapêuticas, como a terapia lítica. Objetivos O número de pacientes idosos diagnosticados com embolia pulmonar aguda aumenta constantemente. Porém, o papel do tratamento trombolítico não está claramente definido entre os octogenários. Nosso objetivo é avaliar a efetividade da terapia lítica em pacientes octogenários diagnosticados com embolia pulmonar. Métodos Cento e quarenta e oito indivíduos (70,3% de mulheres, n=104) com mais de 80 anos foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: tratamento trombolítico versus não-trombolítico. As taxas de mortalidade hospitalar e episódios de sangramento foram definidos como desfechos do estudo. Valor de p <0,05 foi considerado como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados A mortalidade hospitalar reduziu significativamente no grupo trombolítico em comparação ao não-trombolítico (10,5% vs. 24,2%; p=0,03). Episódios de sangramento menores foram mais comuns no braço que recebeu o tratamento trombolítico, mas grandes hemorragias não diferiram entre os grupos (35,1% vs. 13,2%, p<0,01; 7% vs. 5,5% p=0,71, respectivamente). O escore de PESI alto (OR: 1,03 IC95%; 1,01-1,04 p<0,01), a terapia trombolítica (OR: 0,15 IC95%; 0,01-0,25, p< 0,01) e níveis altos de troponina (OR: 1,20 IC95%; 1,01-1,43, p=0,03) estiveram independentemente associados a taxas de mortalidade hospitalar na análise de regressão multivariada. Conclusão A terapia trombolítica esteve associada à mortalidade hospitalar reduzida em detrimento do aumento geral das complicações de sangramento em octogenários.

Abstract Background Despite the high proportion of octogenarians with acute pulmonary embolism, there is little information indicating the optimal management strategy, mainly therapeutic measures, such as lytic therapy. Objectives The number of elderly patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism increases constantly. However, the role of thrombolytic treatment is not clearly defined among octogenarians. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of lytic therapy in octogenarian patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Methods One hundred and forty eight subjects (70.3% women, n=104) aged more than eighty years were included in the study. The patients were divided in two groups: thrombolytic versus non-thrombolytic treatment. In-hospital mortality rates and bleeding events were defined as study outcomes. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Results In-hospital mortality decreased significantly in the thrombolytic group compared to the non-thrombolytic group (10.5% vs. 24.2% p=0.03). Minor bleeding events were more common in the arm that received thrombolytic treatment, but major hemorrhage did not differ between the groups (35.1% vs. 13.2%, p<0.01; 7% vs. 5.5% p=0.71, respectively). High PESI score (OR: 1.03 95%CI; 1.01-1.04 p<0.01), thrombolytic therapy (OR: 0.15 95%CI; 0.01-0.25, p< 0.01) and high troponin levels (OR: 1.20 95%CI; 1.01-1.43, p=0.03) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality rates in the multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion Thrombolytic therapy was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality at the expense of increased overall bleeding complications in octogenarians.

O Papel dos Níveis Séricos de ANP na Perda de Peso, Risco Cardiometabólico e Composição Corporal de Adolescentes com Obesidade Submetidos a Terapia Interdisciplinar / The Role of ANP Level Response in Interdisciplinary Weight Loss Therapy on Cardiometabolic Risk and Body Composition in Adolescents with Obesity

Resumo Fundamento A ação do peptídeo natriurético atrial (ANP) na natriurese, diurese e vasodilatação, resistência à insulina, fígado, rim e tecido adiposo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento metabólico e cardiovascular saudável. Embora o nível circulante de ANP seja reduzido em pacientes com obesidade, sua resposta à perda de peso ainda é pouco explorada em populações pediátricas. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos das variações do ANP em resposta à intervenção interdisciplinar para perda de peso na Síndrome Metabólica (SMet) e nos riscos cardiometabólicos em adolescentes com obesidade. Métodos 73 adolescentes com obesidade participaram de uma terapia interdisciplinar para perda de peso de 20 semanas, incluindo uma abordagem clínica, nutricional, psicológica e de exercícios físicos. A composição corporal, análises bioquímicas e pressão sanguínea foram avaliadas. A SMet foi classificada de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes (IDF) (2007). Após o tratamento, os voluntários foram divididos de acordo com os níveis de plasma do ANP aumento (n=31) ou ANP redução (n=19). Resultados Ambos os grupos apresentaram redução significativa de peso corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferências de cintura, pescoço e quadril (CC, CP e CQ, respectivamente), e aumento da massa livre de gordura (MLG). É interessante observar que houve uma redução significativa na gordura corporal, na razão de TG/HDL-c e na prevalência de SMet (de 23% para 6%) somente no grupo com ANP aumento. Conclusão Este estudo sugere que o aumento nos níveis séricos de ANP após a terapia para perda de peso pode estar associado a melhorias nos riscos cardiometabólicos e na prevalência reduzida de SMet em adolescentes com obesidade.

Abstract Background The action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on natriuresis, diuresis and vasodilatation, insulin resistance, liver, kidney, and adipose tissue may contribute to the healthy metabolic and cardiovascular development. Even though the circulating level of ANP is reduced in patients with obesity, its response to weight loss remains poorly explored in pediatric populations. Objective To evaluate the effects of ANP variations in response to interdisciplinary weight loss intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risks in adolescents with obesity. Methods 73 adolescents with obesity attended a 20-week clinical interdisciplinary weight loss therapy including clinical, nutritional, psychological and exercise training approach. Body composition, biochemical analyses and blood pressure were evaluated. MetS was classified according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2007). After the treatment, volunteers were divided according to Increasing (n=31) or Decreasing (n=19) ANP plasma levels. Results Both groups present significant reduction of body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist, neck and hip circumferences (WC, NC and HC, respectively) and increasing fat-free mass (FFM). Interestingly, a significant reduction in body fat, TG/HDL-c ratio and MetS prevalence (from 23% to 6%) was observed in the Increased ANP group only. Conclusion This study suggests that an increase in ANP serum levels after weight loss therapy could be associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risks and the reduced prevalence of MetS in adolescents with obesity.

Weight loss-what's the most effective diet type?: a scoping review / Pérdida de peso-¿cuál es el tipo de dieta más eficaz?: una revisión sistemática exploratoria

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate which type of diet is most effective for weight loss. METHODS: Relevant studies for this type of review were identified from March to May 2018 by several sources, in the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scielo, SCOPUS, Web of Science, BVS Portal, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. For gray literature, Open Green and Base search and hand search repositories, which is a free search for materials that address the subject were searched. RESULTS: The selected publications totaled 537, of which 104 were from the electronic databases and 433 records identified through other databases. After the removal of duplicates, 113 titles and abstracts and 37 complete texts were selected, after reading the articles in full, 14 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. Out of the 14 articles analyzed, relevant results were presented for a diet rich in fruits and vegetables; oleaginous, especially nuts; a Mediterranean diet was noted in three studies; dietary guidelines based on guides was mentioned in two studies and a high-protein diet was cited four times. CONCLUSION: The most effective diet for weight loss was the high fiber diet, although it contributes with small percentage value.

OBJETIVO: evaluar qué tipo de dieta es la más efectiva para perder peso. MÉTODOS: los estudios relevantes para este tipo de revisión fueron identificados de marzo a mayo de 2018 por varias fuentes, en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, CINAHL, Scielo, SCOPUS, Web of Science, BVS Portal, EMBASE y Cochrane Library en la literatura gris Open Creen y Base de búsqueda y repositorios de búsqueda manual, que es una búsqueda gratuita de materiales que tratan el tema. RESULTADOS: Las publicaciones seleccionadas totalizaron 537, de las cuales 104 eran de las bases de datos electrónicas y 433 registros identificados a través de otras bases de datos. Después de la eliminación de los artículos duplicados, se seleccionaron 113 títulos y resúmenes y 37 textos completos; después de leer los artículos completos, se seleccionaron 14 artículos para su inclusión en esta revisión. De los 14 artículos analizados se presentaron resultados relevantes para una dieta rica en frutas y verduras; oleaginoso, especialmente los frutos secos; Dieta mediterránea en tres estudios; Pautas dietéticas basadas en guías dietéticas, presentes en dos estudios y dieta hiperproteica, citadas cuatro veces. CONCLUSIÓN: la dieta más efectiva para perder peso es la dieta alta en fibra, aunque contribuye con un pequeño valor porcentual.

Bariatric surgery as a treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a male adolescent: case report / Cirurgia bariátrica como tratamento de pseudotumor cerebral primário em adolescente do sexo masculino: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a case of a male adolescent with symptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) associated with obesity treated with bariatric surgery. Case description: A 16-year-and-6-month-old severely obese boy [weight: 133.6 kg; height: 1.74 m (Z score: +0.14); BMI: 44.1 kg/m2 (Z score: +4.4)], Tanner pubertal stage 5, presented biparietal, high-intensity, and pulsatile headaches, about five times per week, associated with nocturnal awakenings, and partial improvement with common analgesics, for three months. Ophthalmologic evaluation evidenced bilateral papilledema. Cranial computed tomography revealed no mass or anatomic abnormalities. Lumbar puncture showed increased intracranial pressure of 40 cmH2O (reference value: <28 cmH2O) with a normal content. After being diagnosed with IIH, the patient was started on acetazolamide. However, after three months, he was still symptomatic. He was diagnosed with obesity due to excess energy intake and, as he had failed to lose weight after a conventional clinical treatment, bariatric surgery was indicated. The patient (at 16 years and nine months) underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Ophthalmologic evaluation, performed five months after surgery, revealed normal visual acuity in both eyes and improvement of bilateral papilledema. Follow-up at 18 months showed a 67.5% loss of excess weight (weight: 94.5 kg and BMI: 31.2 kg/m2) and complete resolution of IIH symptoms. Comments: IIH is characterized by increased intracranial pressure with no evidence of deformity or obstruction of the ventricular system on neuroimaging. It has been associated with obesity. Bariatric surgery may be a valid alternative approach for morbidly obese adolescent patients with refractory symptoms.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um caso de cirurgia bariátrica como tratamento de pseudotumor cerebral primário (PTCP) em adolescente do sexo masculino com obesidade. Descrição do caso: Adolescente, sexo masculino, 16 anos e 6 meses, com obesidade exógena [peso:133,6 kg; estatura:1,74 m (escore z: +0,14); IMC: 44,1 kg/m2 (escore z: +4,4)], estadiamento puberal de Tanner 5, apresentando cefaleia bi-parietal, pulsátil e de alta-intensidade, cerca de cinco vezes por semana, associada a despertares noturnos, e com melhora parcial com analgésicos comuns, há três meses. A avaliação oftalmológica evidenciou papiledema bilateral e a tomografia computadorizada de crânio não revelou massas ou alterações anatômicas. A punção lombar mostrou pressão intracraniana elevada de 40 cmH2O (Referência: <28 cmH2O) com conteúdo normal. Feito o diagnóstico, o paciente foi iniciou uso de acetazolamida. No entanto, após 3 meses, o paciente mantinha-se sintomático. Ele foi diagnosticado com obesidade devido ao consumo calórico excessivo e, como não havia obtido sucesso na perda de peso com tratamento clínico convencional, a cirurgia bariátrica foi indicada. Aos 16 anos e 9 meses, o paciente foi submetido a gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica sem complicações. A avaliação oftalmológica, cinco meses após a cirurgia, revelou melhora do papiledema bilateral com acuidade visual normal em ambos os olhos. Apresentou perda de excesso de peso de 67,5% (peso: 94,5 kg e IMC:31,2 kg/m2) e resolução completa dos sintomas de PPTC 18 meses após a cirurgia. Comentários: O PTCP é caracterizado pelo aumento da pressão intracraniana, sem evidência de deformidade ou obstrução do sistema ventricular na neuroimagem. Está associado à obesidade. A cirurgia bariátrica pode ser uma alternativa terapêutica válida para pacientes adolescentes obesos graves com sintomas refratários.

Ketogenic diets in weight loss: a systematic review under physiological and biochemical aspects of nutrition / Dietas ketogénicas en la pérdida de peso: una revisión sistemática bajo aspectos fisiológicos y bioquímicos de la nutrición

Countless strategies have been proposed to change dietary patterns to promote weight loss. Many of these strategies are controversial, with questions of effectiveness and possible negative consequences to health, even if weight loss effects are achieved. Ketogenic diets, with or without calorie restrictions, are framed in this context. In the present systematic review, evidence on ketogenic diets for weight loss was investigated. Studies on ketogenic diet with or without calorie restriction related to weight loss published between 2012 and 2017 were selected from MEDLINE, Scielo and Web of Science databases. Results show there is a lack of knowledge on specific physiological mechanisms involved in the ketogenic diet. Much of the evidence published, despite showing specific effects on weight loss, BMI and fat percentage reduction, did not precisely assess its effects on specific physiological and biochemical parameters, mainly on the hepatic, cardiac and renal tissues. We conclude that strategies to control overweight and obesity do not necessarily need to impose restrictions on certain nutrients, especially carbohydrates, or increase the intake of food groups whose excessive consumption has been associated with different pathologies.

Innumerables estrategias se han propuesto para cambiar el patrón de la dieta y así promover la pérdida de peso. Muchas de estas estrategias aún son controversiales con respecto a la efectividad y las consecuencias negativas para la salud. Las dietas cetogénicas, con o sin restricciones calóricas, se enmarcan en este contexto. En la presente revisión sistemática, se investigaron las evidencias sobre las dietas cetogénicas para la pérdida de peso. Para esto, se seleccionaron los estudios de dieta cetogénica con o sin restricción calórica relacionada con la pérdida de peso publicados entre 2012 y 2017 a través de las bases de datos MEDLINE, Scielo y Web of Science. Los resultados muestran falta de conocimiento sobre mecanismos fisiológicos específicos implicados en la dieta cetogénica. Gran parte de la evidencia publicada, a pesar de mostrar efectos específicos sobre la pérdida de peso, IMC y reducción del porcentaje de grasa, no evaluó con precisión sus efectos sobre parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos, principalmente en los tejidos hepático, cardíaco y renal. Concluimos que las estrategias para controlar el sobrepeso y la obesidad no necesariamente tienen que imponer restricciones sobre nutrientes, especialmente los carbohidratos, o aumentar la ingesta de grupos de alimentos cuyo consumo excesivo se ha asociado con diferentes patologías.

Very low-calorie diet in candidates for bariatric surgery: change in body composition during rapid weight loss

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes in the body composition of morbidly obese patients induced by a very low-calorie diet. METHODS: We evaluated 120 patients selected from a university hospital. Body composition was assessed before and after the diet provided during hospitalization, and changes in weight, body mass index, and neck, waist and hip circumferences were analyzed. Bioimpedance was used to obtain body fat and fat-free mass values. The data were categorized by gender, age, body mass index and diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS: The patients consumed the diet for 8 days. They presented a 5% weight loss (without significant difference among groups), which represented an 85% reduction in body fat. All changes in body circumference were statistically significant. There was greater weight loss and a greater reduction of body fat in men, but the elderly showed a significantly higher percentage of weight loss and greater reductions in body fat and fat-free mass. Greater reductions in body fat and fat-free mass were also observed in superobese patients. The changes in the diabetic participants did not differ significantly from those of the non-diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a VLCD before bariatric surgery led to a loss of weight at the expense of body fat over a short period, with no significant differences in the alteration of body composition according to gender, age, body mass index and diabetes status.

Prevalência e fatores associados à fragilidade em uma amostra de idosos que vivem na comunidade da cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil: estudo FIBRA-JF / Prevalence of frailty and associated factors in a community-dwelling older people cohort living in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Fibra-JF Study

Resumo Fragilidade é um estado de vulnerabilidade fisiológica multissistêmica relacionada à idade e a um risco aumentado de desfechos adversos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à fragilidade no estudo FIBRA em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Selecionou-se uma amostra aleatória, estratificada por unidade territorial, sexo e idade, de 461 indivíduos, com 65 anos ou mais. A fragilidade foi estabelecida pela presença de três ou mais de cinco itens: sensação de exaustão, baixa força de preensão manual, velocidade da marcha lenta, perda de peso e baixo gasto calórico. A média de idade foi de 74,4 anos (DP± 6,8), 69,6% eram mulheres e 71,9% brancos. A prevalência de fragilidade foi de 5,2%; 49,9% foram de indivíduos pré-frágeis. Idade avançada (OR: 6,4; IC 1,76-23,8), comprometimento das atividades básicas de vida diária (OR: 5,2; IC 1,1-23,1) e auto percepção de saúde ruim (OR: 0,13; IC 0,03-0,4), foram associados à fragilidade. No presente estudo, um número substancial de indivíduos apresentou-se frágil, enquanto que metade da amostra estava sob risco de progressão para esta condição, sugerindo que é urgente a adoção de medidas de saúde pública com objetivo de prevenção e redução de complicações.

Abstract Frailty is a state of multisystem physiological vulnerability related to aging and an increased risk of adverse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of frailty in the Fibra-JF Study, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We selected a random sample of 461 individuals aged 65 years or more stratified by territorial unit, gender and age. The frailty syndrome was established by the presence of three or more of five items: a feeling of exhaustion, low handgrip strength, slow gait speed, weight loss, and low caloric expenditure. The mean age was 74.4 (SD ± 6.8) years, 69.6% were women and 71.9% white. The prevalence of frailty was 5.2%; 49.9% was from pre-frail subjects. Advanced age (OR: 6.4; CI 1.76-23.8), impairment of the basic activities of daily living (OR: 5.2, CI 1.1-23.1) and self-perception of poor health (OR: 0.13, CI 0.03-0.4) were associated with frailty. In this study, a substantial number of individuals was classified as frail, while half of the sample was at risk of progression towards this condition, suggesting that it is urgent to adopt public health measures focused on frailty prevention and reduction of associated adverse health outcomes.

Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: alteraciones cardiovasculares al ingreso y evolución a 3 meses / Female adolescents with eating disordes: cardiac abnormalities

Background: Cardiovascular complications can occur in up to 80% of adolescent patients with eating disorders (ED) and account for 30% of their mortality. Aim: To evaluate cardiovascular complications in adolescents with ED and their evolution after refeeding. Patients and Methods: In adolescents with ED admitted to treatment, we assessed the nutritional status, weight loss prior to consultation, presence of bradycardia (BC, defined as heart rate < 60 bpm), we performed an electrocardiogram (ECG) and an echocardiography and measured thyroid hormones. Results: We studied 53 women aged 16.4 ± 2.3 years. Fifteen had a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), seven of Bulimia (BN), eight a not otherwise specified ED (ED-NOS), four a Binge Eating Disorder (BED), sixteen an Atypical Anorexia (AAN) and three an Atypical Bulimia (ABN). Thirty four percent were malnourished and 3.8% overweight. The most common cardiac problem was BC in 51%. In eight of 26 patients in whom an echocardiogram was done, it was abnormal. Six had a decreased ventricular mass, three a pericardial effusion and three valvular involvement. There was a significant association between bradycardia and malnutrition, weight loss and low free triiodothyronine levels. BC was significantly more common in patients with AN, but it also occurred in half of the patients with AAN and in one of three patients with other types of ED. At follow up, bradycardia significantly improved with refeeding. Conclusions: There is an association between all types of ED and bradycardia, as well as anatomical and functional cardiac anomalies.

Descenso de peso en recién nacidos a término en las primeras 48 horas post natales / Weight decrease in full-term newborns in the first 48 hours post natal

INTRODUCCIÓN: Es conocido que el recién nacido (RN) presenta descenso de peso inmediatamente después del nacimiento. La magnitud del descenso de peso es tema controversial y no existen datos en nuestro medio. OBJETIVOS: Determinar el porcentaje de descenso de peso diario en RN de término (RNT) sanos en las primeras 48 h de nacido. Precisar si los factores: género, tipo de parto, adecuación a edad gestacional y uso de fórmula láctea influyen en la disminución de peso. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo en RNT sanos > 37 semanas de edad gestacional durante su permanencia en sala cuna (puerperio). Se recopilaron pesos al nacer, 24 y 48 h y se calculan los porcentajes de baja de peso, desde el registro diario de enfermería. Además, se consignó el género, tipo de parto, adecuación al nacimiento y el tipo de alimentación del RN, ya sea lactancia materna exclusiva, fórmula artificial o mixta (pecho y fórmula). Para estandarizar las mediciones, los pesos se expresaron en gramos y posteriormente se calculó el porcentaje de baja de peso en relación al nacimiento y al día previo. Se analizó la variable máximo porcentaje de baja de peso por día. Se realizó un modelo de regresión multivariada para la evolución de los porcentajes de pérdida de pesos. RESULTADOS: Se analizan 2960 RN. El descenso promedio de peso el primer día fue 4,43% (DS: 1,96), el segundo día 2,51% (DS: 1,86) y el descenso total a las 48 h fue 6,85% (DS: 1,92). El factor determinante en la baja de peso fue el tipo de parto. Los RN por cesárea presentan una mayor baja de peso entre las 24 y 48 h. El uso de fórmula láctea determina un menor descenso de peso en los RN comparados con los alimentados con leche materna (LM). CONCLUSIONES: El porcentaje de descenso de peso por día de los RN en nuestro centro es similar a lo reportado en la literatura internacional. El parto por cesárea es el factor asociado a mayor descenso de peso. El uso de fórmula láctea determina menor descenso de peso.

INTRODUCTION: It is known that the newborn (NB) presents weight loss immediately after birth. The magnitude of the weight loss is a controversial subject and there are no data in our sphere. OBJECTIVES: To determine the percentage of daily weight decrease in healthy full-term newborns in the first 48 hours of life. To specify whether factors such as gender, type of delivery, adequacy for gestational age, and use of milk formula influence weight loss. PATIENTS Y METHOD: Prospective study in healthy full-term newborns with > 37 weeks of gestational age during their stay in the nursery (puerperium). Weight data were collected at birth, 24 and 48 hours after birth, and the percentages of weight loss were calculated from the daily nursing record. In addition, gender, type of delivery, adequacy to the birth and type of feeding of the NB, either exclusive breastfeeding, artificial formula or mixed (breast milk and formula) were recorded. To standardize the measurements, weights were expressed in grams and subsequently the percentage of weight loss was calculated in relation to the birth and the previous day. The maximum percentage of weight loss per day variable was analyzed. A multivariate regression model was performed for the weight loss percentages evolution. RESULTS: 2960 NB were analyzed. The average weight loss on the first day was 4.43% (SD: 1.96), the second day 2.51% (SD: 1.86) and the total loss at 48 hours was of 6.85% (DS: 1.92). The determining factor in weight loss was the type of delivery. The NBs by cesarean section showed a greater weight loss in the first 24 to 48 hours. The use of milk formula determines a smaller weight loss in the NB compared with those fed with breast milk (BM). CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of weight loss per day of the NB in our center is similar to that reported in the international literature. Cesarean delivery is the factor associated with greater weight loss. The use of milk formula results in less weight loss.

Weight reduction for a better visual outcome in idiopathic intracranial hypertension / Redução de peso para a melhora do resultado visual na hipertensão intracraniana idiopática

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between weight reduction and visual outcome in overweight patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Methods: Thirty-nine newly diagnosed, overweight (body mass index >25 kg/m2) patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension were studied retrospectively. All patients underwent medical treatment with acetazolamide, and a weight reduction program was also offered. Patients were grouped according to their compliance with this weight reduction program into the diet-success (Group 1) and diet-failure groups (Group 2). Body mass index, papilledema, visual acuity, and perimetric mean deviation were compared at the end of the 6-month study period. Results: Groups 1 and 2 did not differ regarding the baseline mean body mass index (32.63 ± 5.61, 32.35 ± 5.06 kg/m2), visual acuity (0.080 ± 0.13, 0.130 ± 0.24 logMAR), perimetric mean deviation (-9.978 ± 0.68, -12.86 ± 8.91), or papilledema grade (2.94 ± 0.22, 2.90 ± 0.30), respectively (p>0.05). During the 6 months' follow-up, Group 1 patients, who complied with both medical and diet therapy, improved significantly in all parameters, including body mass index (p<0.001), visual acuity (p=0.001), perimetric mean deviation (p=0.016), and papilledema grade (p<0.001). Conversely, Group 2 patients, who only underwent medical therapy, improved only in papilledema grade (p<0.001). However, coincident development of optic disc pallor was observed in three patients. Further, they also had significant loss in visual acuity (p=0.047) during the study period. Conclusion: Weight reduction combined with medical treatment is associated with significantly better improvement in visual acuity, visual field, and papilledema in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. Compliance with an efficient diet program should be encouraged in overweight patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a redução de peso e o resultado visual em pacientes com hipertensão intracraniana idiopática e sobrepeso. Métodos: Trinta e nove pacientes, recém-diagnosticados com hipertensão intracraniana idiopática e sobrepeso (índice de massa corporal >25 kg/m2), foram estudados retrospectivamente. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento médico com acetazolamida e receberam um programa para redução de peso. Os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com o cumprimento do programa de redução de peso em: sucesso da dieta (Grupo 1) e falha da dieta (Grupo 2). Os índices de massa corporal, a papiledema, a acuidade visual e desvios médios perimétricos foram comparados no final de 6 meses. Resultados: Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças em relação às médias da linha de base de índice de massa corporal (32,63 ± 5,61/32,35 ± 5,06 kg/m2), acuidade visual (0,080 ± 0,13/0,130 ± 0,24 logMAR), desvios médios perimétricos (-9,978 ± 0,68/-12,86 ± 8,91) e níveis de papiledema (2,94 ± 0,22/2,90 ± 0,30) (p>0,05). Durante o período de acompanhamento de 6 meses, os pacientes do grupo 1, que obedeceram as terapias médicas e dietéticas, melhoraram significativamente em todos os parâmetros, incluindo o índice de massa corporal (p<0,001), a acuidade visual (p=0,001), o desvio médio perimétrico (p=0,016) e o nível de papiledema (p<0,001). Por outro lado, os pacientes do grupo 2, que receberam apenas terapia médica, apresentaram melhoras somente no nível de papiledema (p<0,001). No entanto, observou-se o desenvolvimento coincidente de palidez de disco óptico em três pacientes. Além disso, esses pacientes também apresentaram perda significativa de acuidade visual (p=0,047) durante o período de estudo. Conclusão: A redução de peso combinada ao tratamento médico está associada à melhora significativa das acuidades visuais, dos campos visuais e de papiledema em pacientes com hipertensão intracraniana idiopática. O cumprimento de programas de dietas eficientes deve ser encorajado em pacientes obesos com hipertensão intracraniana idiopática.

Postoperative changes in intestinal microbiota and use of probiotics in roux-en-y gastric bypass and sleeve vertical gastrectomy: an integrative review / Mudanças na microbiota intestinal e uso de probióticos no pós-operatório de bypass gástrico em y-de-roux e gastrectomia vertical sleeve: uma revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies suggest that weight loss induced by bariatric surgery and the remission of some comorbidities may be related to changes in the microbiota profile of individuals undergoing this procedure. In addition, there is evidence that manipulation of the intestinal microbiota may prove to be a therapeutic approach against obesity and metabolic diseases. Objective: To verify the changes that occur in the intestinal microbiota of patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and the impact of the usage of probiotics in this population. Methods: Articles published between 2007 and 2017 were searched in Medline, Lilacs and Pubmed with the headings: bariatric surgery, microbiota, microbiome and probiotics, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Of the 166 articles found, only those studies in adults subjected to either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve vertical gastrectomy published in original articles were enrolled. In the end, five studies on the change of intestinal microbiota composition, four on the indirect effects of those changes and three on the probiotics administration on this population were enrolled and characterized. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery provides changes in intestinal microbiota, with a relative increase of the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla and reduction of Firmicutes. This is possibly due to changes in the gastro-intestinal flux, coupled with a reduction in acidity, in addition to changes in eating habits. The usage of probiotics seems to reduce the gastro-intestinal symptoms in the post-surgery, favor the increase of vitamin B12 synthesis, as well as potentiate weight loss.

RESUMO Introdução: Estudos sugerem que a perda de peso induzida pela cirurgia bariátrica e a remissão de algumas comorbidades podem estar relacionadas às mudanças no perfil da microbiota dos indivíduos submetidos a este procedimento. Além disso, há indícios de que a manipulação da microbiota intestinal pode vir a ser abordagem terapêutica contra a obesidade e doenças metabólicas. Objetivo: Verificar as mudanças que ocorrem na microbiota intestinal de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, e o impacto do uso dos probióticos nessa população. Métodos: Foi realizada a busca de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2007 e 2017 nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e PubMed com os descritores: cirurgia bariátrica, microbiota, microbioma e probióticos em português, inglês e espanhol. Dos 166 artigos encontrados, foram selecionados apenas os estudos realizados em adultos, submetidos ao bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux ou gastrectomia vertical sleeve publicados em artigos originais. Ao final, foram selecionados e categorizados cinco estudos sobre a mudança na composição da microbiota intestinal, quatro sobre os efeitos indiretos dessas mudanças e três sobre a administração de probióticos nessa população. Conclusão: A cirurgia bariátrica proporciona mudanças na microbiota intestinal com aumento relativo dos filos Bacteroidetes e Proteobactéria e redução de Firmicutes. Isso se deve, possivelmente, às alterações no trânsito gastrointestinal com redução da acidez intestinal além de modificação dos hábitos alimentares. O uso de probióticos parece reduzir os sintomas gastrointestinais no pós-operatório, favorecer o aumento de síntese de vitamina B12 e potencializar a perda de peso.

Impact of bariatric surgery on the inflammatory state based on cpr value / Impacto da cirurgia bariátrica no estado inflamatório baseado no valor da pcr

ABSTRACT Background: PCR (C-reactive protein), produced in the liver after stimuli of inflammatory mediators, is determined as a marker of inflammatory activity (adipocytokines) and is present within adipocyte cells; besides being an inflammatory product, many studies have shown to be a predictor of complications. Aim: To determine if the inflammatory state of the obese patient decreases after bariatric surgery, based on pre and post-operative PCR. Methods: A prospective, observational study in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass surgery followed up for three months after surgery, with serum preoperative CRP in 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. Results: A total of 19 patients, who had a mean CRP value before the surgical procedure of 0.80(±0.54) mg/dl, were followed, and when compared to the CRP with 30 days of surgery, they presented a significant increase to 2.68 mg/dl (p=0.012). When compared with the PCR of 60 days after the surgical procedure, it was also higher with the value of 3.32 mg/dl (p=0.27). However, at three months after surgery, the CRP showed a decrease when compared to the preoperative mark, with value of 0.45 mg/dl (p=0.0042). Conclusion: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was able to decrease the chronic inflammation status of these patients, based on the value of CRP, with three months of surgery.

RESUMO Racional: PCR (proteína C-reativa) produzida no fígado após estímulos de mediadores inflamatórios é determinada como um marcador de atividade inflamatória (adipocitocinas) e está presente nos adipócitos; além de ser um produto inflamatório, muitos estudos já mostraram ser ela um preditor de complicações. Objetivos: Determinar se o estado inflamatório do paciente obeso diminui após a realização de cirurgia bariátrica, com base na PCR do pré e pós-operatório. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, observacional em pacientes submetidos à operação de by-pass gástrico em Y-de-Roux acompanhados por três meses após o procedimento com dosagem sérica da PCR no pré-operatório, 30, 60 e 90 dias após. Resultados: Foram acompanhados 19 pacientes, que apresentaram valor médio da PCR antes do procedimento cirúrgico de 0,80(±0,54) mg/dl e quando comparado à PCR com 30 dias de operados ela apresentou aumento significativo para 2,68 mg/dl (p=0,012). A análise da PCR de 60 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico mostrou-se maior também com o valor de 3,32 mg/dl (p=0,27). Entretanto no 3º mês após ela mostrou queda quando comparado ao pré-operatório (0,45 mg/dl (p=0,0042). Conclusão: O bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux foi capaz de diminuir o estado de inflamação crônico desses pacientes com três meses de pós-operatório.

Fragilidade em idosos no município de São Paulo: prevalência e fatores associados / Frailty in older adults in the city of São Paulo: Prevalence and associated factors

RESUMO: Introdução: Fragilidade é uma síndrome evitável e reversível caracterizada pelo declínio cumulativo dos sistemas fisiológicos, causando maior vulnerabilidade às condições adversas. Objetivos: Descrever a prevalência de fragilidade entre os idosos, analisar os fatores associados e a evolução da síndrome. Método: Estudo longitudinal que utilizou a base de dados do Estudo Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE), nos anos de 2006 e 2010. A síndrome de fragilidade foi identificada por cinco componentes: perda de peso; fadiga; redução de força, de atividade física e de velocidade de caminhada. Os idosos foram classificados como "pré-frágeis" (1-2 componentes) e "frágeis" (3 ou +). Utilizou-se regressão multinomial múltipla hierárquica para análise dos fatores associados. Resultados: Do total de idosos (n = 1.399), 8,5% eram frágeis tendo como fatores associados idade, comprometimento funcional, declínio cognitivo, hospitalização e multimorbidade. Em quatro anos, tornaram-se frágeis 3,3% dos idosos não frágeis e 14,7% dos pré-frágeis. Conclusão: A identificação da prevalência e dos fatores associados à fragilidade pode ajudar a implementar intervenções adequadas precocemente, de modo a garantir melhorias na qualidade de vida dos idosos.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Frailty is a preventable and reversible syndrome characterized by a cumulative decline of physiological systems, causing greater vulnerability to adverse conditions. Objective: To describe the prevalence of frailty among older adults and analyze its associated factors and progression. Method: This is a longitudinal study that used the Health, Well-being, and Aging Study (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento - SABE) database of 2006 and 2010. Five components identified the frailty syndrome: weight loss; fatigue; decreased strength, low physical activity, and reduced walking speed. Older adults were classified as "pre-frail" (1-2 components) and "frail" (3 or more). We used a hierarchical multiple multinomial regression to analyze associated factors. Results: Out of the total number of older adults (n = 1,399), 8.5% were frail, and the associated factors were age, functional impairment, cognitive decline, hospitalization, and multimorbidity. In four years, 3.3% of non-frail and 14.7% of pre-frail older adults became frail. Conclusion: Identifying the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors can help to implement adequate interventions early to improve the quality of life of older adults.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida, perda de peso e comorbidades de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Evaluation of quality of life, weight loss and comorbidities of patients undergoing bariatric surgery

RESUMO Objetivo: mensurar a eficácia da perda de peso, analisar a evolução de comorbidades, investigar a qualidade de vida e avaliar o protocolo BAROS (Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System) no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: estudo transversal e quantitativo, com força de verdade de 95% (P=0,05), de 103 pacientes submetidos à Gastrectomia Vertical SLEEVE (40) e à Derivação Gástrica em Y de Roux (63), a partir de quatro meses de pós-operatório. A pesquisa foi realizada no Ambulatório de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, tendo sido utilizado o protocolo BAROS. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (89,3%). A média de idade foi de 44,23 anos. A média de perda percentual do excesso de peso foi de 69,35%. A média de tempo de seguimento pós-cirúrgico foi de 41,87 meses (±37,35). As comorbidades com maior percentagem de resolução foram: apneia do sono (90,2%), diabetes (80,7%) e hipertensão (70,8%). As complicações mais frequentes foram queda de cabelo (79,6%), deficiência nutricional (37,9%) e anemia (35%). O protocolo BAROS demonstrou que a qualidade de vida foi avaliada de forma positiva em 93,2% dos casos. O questionário Moorehead-Ardelt demonstrou que a qualidade de vida "melhorou" ou "melhorou muito" para 94,1% dos pacientes. Conclusão: a cirurgia bariátrica demonstrou ser um procedimento eficaz no tratamento da obesidade mórbida e no controle das comorbidades. A análise da qualidade de vida foi avaliada de forma positiva através do protocolo BAROS.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the efficacy of weight loss, the evolution of comorbidities, the quality of life and the BAROS protocol (Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System) in the postoperative period of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, quantitative study with 95% true strength (P=0.05), with 103 patients submitted to SLEEVE Vertical Gastrectomy (40) and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (63), from four months after surgery. We carried out the research at the Ambulatory of General Surgery of the Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco, using the BAROS protocol. Results: the majority of the patients were female (89.3%). The mean age was 44.23 years. The mean percentage loss of excess weight was 69.35%. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 41.87 months (±37.35). The comorbidities with the highest percentage of resolution were sleep apnea (90.2%), diabetes (80.7%) and hypertension (70.8%). The most frequent complications were hair loss (79.6%), nutritional deficiency (37.9%) and anemia (35%). The BAROS protocol demonstrated that patients positively evaluated quality of life in 93.2% of the cases. The Moorehead-Ardelt questionnaire showed that quality of life "improved" or "improved greatly" for 94.1% of patients. Conclusion: bariatric surgery has been shown to be an effective procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity and in the control of comorbidities. Quality of life analysis was evaluated positively through the BAROS protocol.

Improvement in lung function and functional capacity in morbidly obese women subjected to bariatric surgery

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether weight loss in women with morbid obesity subjected to bariatric surgery alters lung function, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and the level of habitual physical activity and to investigate the relationship between these variables and changes in both body composition and anthropometrics. METHODS: Twenty-four women with morbid obesity were evaluated with regard to lung function, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, body composition, anthropometrics and the level of habitual physical activity two weeks prior to and six months after bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Regarding lung function, mean increases of 160 mL in slow vital capacity, 550 mL in expiratory reserve volume, 290 mL in forced vital capacity and 250 mL in forced expiratory volume in the first second as well as a mean reduction of 490 mL in inspiratory capacity were found. Respiratory muscle strength increased by a mean of 10 cmH2O of maximum inspiratory pressure, and a 72-meter longer distance on the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test demonstrated that functional capacity also improved. Significant changes also occurred in anthropometric variables and body composition but not in the level of physical activity detected using the Baecke questionnaire, indicating that the participants remained sedentary. Moreover, correlations were found between the percentages of lean and fat mass and both inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that changes in body composition and anthropometric variables exerted a direct influence on functional capacity and lung function in the women analyzed but exerted no influence on sedentarism, even after accentuated weight loss following bariatric surgery.

Experiencia del empleo sistemático de la dieta de muy bajo valor calórico para la optimización en el preoperatorio de cirugía bariátrica / Experience of the systemic use of the very low caloric value diet for the optimization in the preoperatory of bariatric surgery

Resumen Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica no está exenta de complicaciones. Para minimizar dichas complicaciones es importante optimizar al paciente antes de la cirugía. Dicha optimización se basa fundamentalmente en la realización de dieta preoperatoria. Dentro de los múltiples tipos de dietas, la dieta de muy bajo valor calórico (DMBVC) es cada vez más utilizada. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los resultados del empleo de la DMBVC en el preoperatorio de cirugía bariátrica. Método: Estudio observacional de una serie de 100 casos en los que se empleó la DMBVC como optimización preoperatoria. Se analizaron el grado de cumplimiento de la dieta, la opinión de los pacientes, la pérdida de peso preoperatoria y las complicaciones postoperatorias. Resultados: La pérdida de peso preoperatoria media fue de 10,2 kg y la disminución media del IMC fue de 4,8. En cuanto al grado de seguimiento, el 68% refirió que la cumplió estrictamente, el 22% manifestó un buen grado de seguimiento con alguna transgresión ocasional, el 8% reportó un mal seguimiento y el 1% la abandonó precozmente. No se presentaron efectos adversos significativos. En cuanto a la técnica quirúrgica, en ningún caso el volumen hepático dificultó la cirugía, con un 0% de conversiones y un tiempo medio operatorio de 60 min. En el postoperatorio inmediato se registraron un 4% de sangrado y un 1% de reintervención por hemoperitoneo. Conclusiones: Las DMBVC son sencillas de utilizar, con escasos efectos adversos, bien toleradas durante un periodo limitado de tiempo, obteniendo una adecuada pérdida ponderal preoperatoria.

Abstract Introduction: Bariatric surgery may have some complications. To minimize such complications is important to optimize the patient before surgery. Such optimization is based primarily on the performance of preoperative diet. Among the many types of diets, very low caloric diet (VLCD) is increasingly used. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of the use of VLCD preoperative bariatric surgery. Method: Observational study of a series of 100 cases in which the DMBVC was used as a preoperative optimization. The degree of compliance with the diet, the opinion of patients, preoperative weight loss and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: The mean preoperative weight loss was 10.2 kg and the average BMI decrease of 4.8. As for the degree of compliance, 68% said that the strictly fulfilled, 22% follow up with a good degree occasional transgression, mistracking 8% and 1% abandoned early. No significant adverse effects occurred. Regarding the surgical technique, in any case difficult surgery liver volume, with 0% conversion and an average operating time of 60 min. In the immediate postoperative period 4% cases of reoperation for bleeding and 1% hemoperitoneum were reported. Conclusions: DMBVC are simple to use, with few adverse effects, well tolerated for a limited period of time, obtaining adequate preoperative weight loss.

¿Puede el ejercicio físico per se disminuir el peso corporal en sujetos con sobrepeso/obesidad? / Exercise as a tool to reduce body weight

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, creating a public health problem. The loss of approximately 10% of body weight is recommended to reduce the risk of mortality associated with metabolic diseases and to increase the quality of life in adults with overweight or obesity. Non-pharmacological strategies used for weight management are caloric restriction and physical exercise. Nevertheless, the independent effect of physical exercise to decrease body weight is unclear, and could be responsible for only 20% of the weight loss when healthy lifestyles are prescribed. However, exercise has other benefits for health, independent of its weight reducing effect. In fact, physical inactivity is responsible for twice the deaths caused by obesity. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance of physical exercise in the reduction of body weight in subjects with overweight or obesity.

Effects of Continuous and Accumulated Exercise on Endothelial Function in Rat Aorta / Efeitos do Exercício Acumulado e Contínuo sobre a Função Endotelial em Aorta de Ratos

Abstract Background: The practice of exercise in short bouts repeated throughout the day may be an alternative strategy to lift people out of physical inactivity. Objective: to evaluate if accumulated exercise, as occurs in continuous exercise training, improve endothelial function in rat aorta. Methods: Wistar male rats were divided into three groups: continuous exercise (CEx, 1 hour on the treadmill) or accumulated exercise (AEx, 4 bouts of 15 minutes / day) for 5 days/week for 8 weeks, or sedentary (SED). During the training period, body weight gain and increase in exercise performance were recorded. On sacrifice day, aorta was dissected into rings (3-5 mm) and mounted on the organ bath. Results: Fitness was significantly greater in CEx and AEx rats as compared with SED animals. In addition, compared with the SED group, CEx animals had a lower body mass gain, and the aorta obtained from these animals had reduced contractile response to norepinephrine and greater acetylcholine-induced relaxation. These results were not observed in ACEx animals. Conclusions: Both CEx and AEx improved fitness, but only CEx led to reduced body weight gain and improved endothelial function.

Resumo Fundamento: A prática de exercícios em sessões curtas que se repetem ao longo do dia pode ser uma alternativa para tirar as pessoas da inatividade física. Objetivo: Verificar se o exercício acumulado, tal como ocorre com o treinamento com exercício contínuo, melhora a função endotelial na aorta de ratos. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em 3 grupos: treinamento com exercício contínuo (ExC; 1 hora em esteira) ou com exercício acumulado (ExA; 4 sessões de 15 minutos ao longo do dia) por 5 dias/semana, durante 8 semanas, ou grupo sedentário (SED). Durante o treinamento, foram registrados o ganho de peso corporal e desempenho na esteira. No dia do sacrifício, anéis (3-5 mm) da aorta foram obtidos e montados em banho de órgãos. Resultados: Animais ExC e ExA mostraram aptidão física significativamente maior em comparação com os SED. Paralelamente, em comparação com SED, animais ExC tiveram menor ganho de massa corporal, e aortas retiradas desses animais mostraram respostas contrácteis à noradrenalina reduzidas e maior relaxamento induzido pela acetilcolina. Esses resultados não foram observados no grupo ExA. Conclusões: Tanto o ExC quanto o ExA melhoraram a aptidão física, mas somente o ExC foi capaz de reduzir o ganho de peso corporal dos animais e melhorar a função endotelial.